But with your
sword arm, you stick it out the whole time (its very inviting for your opponent). Your have a shield-arm is however completely protected if you have a shield.
You don't, actually. If you have a sword and a shield, you keep your sword arm (and much of a sword) behind the shield, unless you are making an attack. It is still
somewhat vulnerable, but in reality rather well protected. Look at the stances here:
You can also look at distribution of injuries at the Battle of Visby. It shows that the head and the lower legs were in fact the most vulnerable:
As well as pervading everyday life, violence in Mediaeval times was also expressed through encounters between combatants on the battlefield
ebrary.net
Vast majority of injuries (85%) was to head or lower legs. This makes sense: you need head to see so you cannot always keep it covered with shield, and if you get hit there, it is an immediate game over. Note that Visby skeletons show mail coif but not actual helmet, meaning that it could be cut through with heavy bladed
weapons such as
axes (medieval art also shows mail - and even helmets - being cut through with
swords, but it is unclear whether that shows actual
events or is artistic liberty). 8,5% of injuries is to thighs, and only 6,6% injuries to arms as a whole.
Torso shows no injuries, but consider that torso is a) well armored by mail, b) nearly always protected by the shield and c) unlikely to have injuries register on bones as stabs into abdomen or between the ribs are likely to leave no trace on skeletal remains. And if you look at actual historic armors, you can see fairly consistent logic to it.
- Head received the highest priority: if rigid
armor was used
at all, it was always the helmet that you put on first, as shown in the depiction below:
Interestingly, note that the guy at far right has only helmet
and no armor at all elsewhere. No gambeson,
nothing.
- Next area that you protected with rigid armor was the chest. You can see this in Greek armor (hoplites had helmet, torso armor and greaves; rest of the armor was either flexible or not there), Roman armor (lorica segmentata protected only the shoulders and upper torso), as well as early modern munitions plate (protected the head, shoulders and upper thighs) or Napoleonic cuirasses (Helmet and chest plate only).
- After that, you protected the upper arms and upper legs. Again, consider the examples above.
If you had a shield and fought in a shield wall however, lower legs might receive priority over the upper legs (e.g. hoplites who protected lower legs with bronze greaves but upper legs only with flexible armor)
- Lower arms and lower legs generally had the lowest priority.