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I suspect that Aragorn would have been proficient in all those weapons himself.
When he set out from Rivendell with only Anduril, I think it was more to make a statement about the re-forging of Elendil's ancient weapon than to show that he was not adept with anything else.
I suspect he also had a knife, which is just basic equipment when you're out in the wilderness - much better for cleaning fish, dressing meat, dozens of other functions. Some have said that if they could only have two things if stranded on a deserted island (dream date of oneself aside), they would choose a knife and a rope. If only one thing - a knife (which could help you make the rope).