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Eru's role

Thorondor said:
However,when Eru sent the Numenoreans into the cave of the forgotten and when He drowned Westernesse, His purpose was good and His action "surgical"...

Somehow I have trouble dealing with the idea of a God who needs to do surgical excision...


I do not accept the idea of "revelation" as any more than the contents of Man's mind bubbling up to conscious awareness: the subconscious, having worked in the dark subterranian depths suddenly presents awareness with the finished product. I quite accept the idea of Eru as part of Tolkien's story — "willing suspension of disbelief" and all that — but not beyond that.

Gothmog said:
Well Barley, a very good post but I think that you have gone beyond the scope of this thread...It will take a little while to sort out an answer

Well by God, Gothy, it warn't fer lack o' tryin'!


So patriarchy is the degenerated tail-end of matriarchy? That depresses me even more!


Ah yes, religion as a means of manipulation by the powerful — don't get me started! But what you say above further supports my point: it's all Man seeing his own frailties and not wanting to take the responsibility of his actions — not the divinity he blames it on.

Its a shame that the title of this thread — Eru's Role — hadn't been misspelled as Eru's Roll — then we could have had a perfectly pleasant discussion of baking!

Barley
 
Barly

I would put it that it is a Fiction based on a Belief which is somewhat different. Yes Eru is his Version of God however there are a differences. Eru, except for one legend, does not intervene in Arda except when asked by Manwë. Eru has, according to the Ainulindalë, either set things up - or can change things, so that the final result will be according to his basic design but better. So there is no need for any to try to follow the will of Eru, they can do nothing else.

Since we are at present discussing a work of fiction it is reasonable to assume that any ‘religion’ in it would be fictional even if based on a genuine belief. Whether religions in the real world are Fictions or not is beyond our ability to prove and outside the scope of this thread and the bounds of the forum.

Even if comparing Eru with the Christian God is comparing one fiction with another, so what? It is no different to comparing two similar fictional novels. I agree that there is the resemblance. However, again, the value of any religion is outside the bounds of TTF.

You give an interesting view of Christianity’s God but I don’t see the relevance of such a full-scale graphic description. We are here discussing Eru, who, while comparable is not the same. One thing we agree on. Eru is not perfect. Then again, my view on perfection is all over the forum in my sig.

It is not certain that in the case of Eru he did ‘let something slip’ there is also the possibility that Melkor’s rebellion was part of his plan. And while it may well be a ‘perfect case of anthropomorphic projection’ in the case of a fictional story based on a number of mythological sources I don’t find it very surprising.

I don’t understand your point that Tolkien has Eru creating a supposedly perfect reality. According to The Ainulindalë Tolkien had Eru and the Ainur creating a flawed Arda from the beginning. Eru had the chance to change or even scrap it completely and start again. From what I recall, according to Christian belief God created a ‘perfect world’ which became flawed later. However, with all the gods we know of, we only see them through the film of religion.

In LotR and in the Silmarillion, I do not see evidence that Eru requires or wants worship. Indeed the closest that there is to worship is the festivals of thanksgiving by the Valar and the Númenóreans. And these seem to be simply their choice not imposed on them.
 
Barliman Butterbur said:
So patriarchy is the degenerated tail-end of matriarchy? That depresses me even more!
Like it or not, as it appears society in Europe throughout the Neolithic was entirely matrilineal, matrilocal and matriarchal. In the bronze age a slow transition towards a patriarchal, patrilocal and patrilineal society began, which continued into the iron age and came to its end in the classical period. Even in Scripture the struggle to diminish and neglect the role of women is still recognizeable.

That Tolkien's sub-creation, the "Silmarillion" now resembles those patriarchal myths of Germanic/Northern, Hellenic or Hebrew provenience, is not a surprise, on the one hand given Tolkien's own biography, on the other given the fact that in the first half of the 20th century little was known about society-structure in Europe throughout the Neolithic
 
Eru, except for one legend, does not intervene in Arda except when asked by Manwë
Well, besides sinking Numenor, He also sends Gandalf back; is the legend you are reffering to Athrabeth Findor ah Andreth?
It is not certain that in the case of Eru he did ‘let something slip’ there is also the possibility that Melkor’s rebellion was part of his plan
From Eru's words, we can be sure that it wasn't a slip up. Like it or not, as it appears society in Europe throughout the Neolithic was entirely matrilineal, matrilocal and matriarchal
According to some writers (Donald Brown, Margaret Mead and Joan Bramberger) there isn't enough evidence that matriarchic societies actually existed. Apparently, worshipping of godesses (which occurs in many cultures) doesn't imply a matriarchic society.
 
Yes I know, there can not be what there must not be...

If you don't believe the mythographers and and mythological scholars (e.g. Frazier, Graves, Campbell) maybe read Renfrew or Gimbutas on that matter (or any of their - hundreds of - bibliographic references which support the case)...
 

I saw your post last night Goth, but as we had just gotten back from my father-in-law's 96th(!) birthday party, I didn't have the juice to tackle it. Now we'll see what happens...

The only thing I need to respond to in your first paragraph above is: If everyone's every action is but the will of Eru, then what's the point? Where's free will? The entire creation and all it's creatures are then no more than wind-up toys set in motion by their Creator — to what end?


It is also reasonable to assume that any human concept is a "fiction," in the sense that the human body/mind is incapable of apprehending the true nature of Reality because of its limits. My firm belief is that all religions — to the extent that they claim "divine knowledge," or "divine revelation," are, if not downright "fiction" in the literal sense, then unwarranted conclusions, at least insofar as the nature of the God and afterlife in question are concerned. Whether religions in the real world are Fictions or not is beyond our ability to prove and outside the scope of this thread and the bounds of the forum. First: whether something is inside or outside the scope of TTF's rules is a blurry concept at best when discussing this topic, especially since it was invited by one of the mods. Second: Had your sentence completed after the word "prove," I would have been in total agreement with you, because it is a very cogent realization in itself. And there is this: the discussion sparks off ideas in my mind. Am I to censor myself just to keep within the boundaries of a set of rules which seems to be constantly in motion? If so, I shall retire from this thread immediately.


Why do you devalue my serious response with a "so what"?

You give an interesting view of Christianity’s God but I don’t see the relevance of such a full-scale graphic description.

Hey, I didn't write the Bible! Please don't hold me responsible simply because I synopsized some of its passages! And the "full-scale graphic descriptions" are precisely what I wanted to bring out in order to illustrate what happens when you get a God angry who sees his little creatures acting with a mind of their own, even when he's given them free will!

We are here discussing Eru, who, while comparable is not the same. One thing we agree on. Eru is not perfect. Then again, my view on perfection is all over the forum in my sig.

Now that idea — that Eru isn't perfect — is remarkable to me. Just how far off the mark is he? What kind of mistakes does he make? Does he make minor errors only every so often, or is he a major incompetent? What's the good of a God who isn't perfect and who makes mistakes??! If I were living in Middle-earth knowing that its creator was prone to some unknown frequency to err, I would be terrified! Do not people who believe in a God assume him or her to be infallible? Otherwise where does it stop? A circle is perfect because it never changes, it's dependable — but an OVAL, with infinite shifting degrees of "ovalness" — lemme outa here!


Well now you seem to be contradicting your own assertion that Eru was fallible. After all, whatever happens in his creation, including all of Melkor's shenanigans was in order to "redound" to Eru's glory. Why he needs to do this — why a Perfect Being (which was my assumption until you told me differently) should have needs at all is beyond me.


Part of it is that I have never read the Silmarillion to great depth, and so you may rightly accuse me of being improperly prepared to discuss this topic.

Othewise, it has been my lifelong assumption that when people think "God" they think perfection; infallibility. Isn't that the basis of prayer? God can do anything, and so people supplicate for miracles. I applied that assumption to Eru. And when you say that God created a perfect world which became flawed later, that makes absolutely no sense to me, except as more anthropomorphism. It seems to me that a perfect object created by a perfect being would have, as a part of its perfection, the attribute of never becoming imperfect.

(ASIDE: I see something going on in Middle-earth that is profoundly different from "real life," something which I think is quite a few notches up on the maturity scale: No one prays in the traditional sense. People take responsibility for their actions. There is supplication to known powers — Saruman, Sauron, Theoden, Ellesar, etc. — but nobody's praying to Eru, and Eru doesn't interfere with what he has set loose.)


I concede the point. That was (in my understanding) the purpose of the God seen in the Judaeo/Christian/Islamic religions. But then — why did Eru create in the first place?

Barley
 
Barly.

I will answer your post more fully later. However, I have to answer one point now.

Barliman Butterbur said:
Why do you devalue my serious response with a "so what"?
My sincere apologies, that was a very poorly worded answer. I simply meant that comparing them as two fictions will basically yield the same result as we are comparing what is written about them.

returns later after working on answer.

Thorondor_ said:
Well, besides sinking Numenor, He also sends Gandalf back; is the legend you are reffering to Athrabeth Findor ah Andreth?
Yes it is. Gandalf and the other Istari were sent with the permission of Eru so he was already involved at the request of the Valar when he sent Gandalf back.
Barliman Butterbur said:
I saw your post last night Goth, but as we had just gotten back from my father-in-law's 96th(!) birthday party, I didn't have the juice to tackle it. Now we'll see what happens...
My best wishes to your father-in-law. I hope you all enjoyed the party.

Eru's will is to create something glorious. What ever path any beings take, Eru either has seen to it, or will make sure that his creation will be glorious. Free will is only the ability to pick without coercion between the choices available. So each can choose their own path. But the journey of Arda is from a known start to a (presumably) known end.

When I said outside the scope of this thread, I meant that it would fit better a thread comparing the 'religion' inside Tolkien's work with 'religions' outside. As for my statement that it was outside the bounds of the forum. I cannot see how discussion over Real World religions being fiction can be genuinely linked to the works of Tolkien. However, I am quite prepared to be proved wrong in a thread of wider scope that covers that aspect. If the discussion sparks off ideas that go beyond the subject of the thread then a new thread might be better. Otherwise the original discussion may be lost for others.
Barliman Butterbur said:
Hey, I didn't write the Bible! Please don't hold me responsible simply because I synopsized some of its passages!
Well I still don't see the need to have gone so far with the synopsis. But, that's just me. Thanks for the explanation.
As for Eru being imperfect. I don't find it so remarkable. I believe that prior to Christianity (or possibly Judaism) there were no 'Perfect Gods' in Mythology.

It may seem that I am contradicting my own assertion, however, I am in fact pointing to my own lack of perfection. But, an imperfect Eru may have needed Melkor's rebellion to achieve what he could not do alone.

I suppose that it is the basis of prayer. But since I don't 'supplicate for miracles' I cannot be certain. I did not say that God created a perfect world, That was according to my (admittedly poor) memory what the Christian Bible said. The problem of a 'Perfect World' becoming imperfect was something Tolkien avoided. Arda was flawed almost from the first note of the Music.
You seem to be catching up on your preparation.
Barliman Butterbur said:
I concede the point. That was (in my understanding) the purpose of the God seen in the Judaeo/Christian/Islamic religions. But then — why did Eru create in the first place?
Perhaps because he was imperfect. Or, if he was perfect, because Perfection as a state of being is a dead end, there can be no movement, no change, no progress. Would that not be a reason to create imperfection?
 
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Gothmog said:
As for Eru being imperfect. I don't find it so remarkable. I believe that prior to Christianity (or possibly Judaism) there were no 'Perfect Gods' in Mythology.
God's perfection is the prerequisite for Anselm's ontological proof, IIRC: Because perfection includes existence, God - being perfect - must necessarily exist...

However it is difficult to understand how a perfect being could possibly be so cruel, unforgiving and violent as the Jahwe/Jehova/Elohim of Scripture is/are portrayed...

But since Eru shows quite a similar cruelty I see little difference.

If we, however, see them in their mythological context - as the successors of the warrior gods of older myths - it becomes much easier to understand.

Or, if he was perfect, because Perfection as a state of being is a dead end, there can be no movement, no change, no progress. Would that not be a reason to create imperfection?
This, IMO, would support Thomas of Aquinas' view of God as the "primary unmoved mover", interestingly enough, this seems to apply to Eru rather than the God of Scripture, who is portrayed as occasionally walking among his children...
 
Walter said:
God's perfection is the prerequisite for Anselm's ontological proof, IIRC: Because perfection includes existence, God - being perfect - must necessarily exist...
Perhaps this is why I had trouble with it

Maybe that part would do so. However, it felt more like I was having an 'Elvish Moment' and saying both yes and no!
 
Goth, you gave me some good chuckles of appreciation of the brilliant points you made!

So Eru is imperfect, and made his creation to redound to his own glory — good! That makes perfect (or is it imperfect ) sense! But "perfection" and "imperfection" are but human concepts and may or may not (more likely) come close to the mark on what Really Is. Eastern thought would say that this all-pervasive imperfection is in itself perfect. But I dare not extend that discussion.

This is why I always say, when all the smoke clears: It all comes down to losing myself in that whopping good tale that Tolkien wrote — the sheer entertainment of reading the Saga! For me, that's everything!

Barley
 
Barly, I am glad that you enjoyed my post so much

I agree about the concepts being only human and very probably far wide of the mark.

And while discussions can be much fun, the important thing is to be able to, as you say, lose yourself in the tale Tolkien wrote.
 

I wish I'd known about Anselm — it would have been so much easier to buttress that point when I made it!

On the other hand, one can make this refutation of Anselm: In order for a God to be perfect, he must not exist, because objects which exist are ipso facto imperfect. I think we need to decide upon a universally accepted definition of perfection before we can go on much further...

Barley
 
Barliman Butterbur said:
I think we need to decide upon a universally accepted definition of perfection before we can go on much further...
Perfection is a path we tread,...
 
Gothmog said:
Free will is only the ability to pick without coercion between the choices available.

I just noticed this striking observation you made, and it quite gave me pause for thought!

I never thought of it like that before, but you're right: although there are theoretically infinite choices available, empirically our choices are comparatively limited. However, just to show what a good fellow I am, and can dance on both sides of the line —

Previously, I said (we may even have agreed on the point) that once Eru set things in motion, he didn't interfere in the consequence of his creatures' actions; prayer in the common meaning did not exist in Middle-earth; people took responsibility for the consequnces of their actions for the most part.

But there are passages scattered through out LOTR (such as the one quoted below) that give an indication that Eru was behind the curtain covertly pulling the strings:

Gandalf to Frodo in FOTR, Book 1, Chapter One: "...there was something else at work, beyond any design of the Ring-maker. I can put it no plainer than by saying that Bilbo was meant to find the Ring, and not by its maker. In which case you also were meant to have it." [emphasis mine]

LOTR is full of such references to good and evil überkräften pitted against each other behind the scenes, to both gross and subtle effect on Middle-earth's inhabitants.

So much for free will...again...

Barley
 
Yes we did agree about that
True, there are points like that throughout the book. These things may well be due to Eru, or perhaps, one of the Valar helping out. But let us look at the one you cited. In what way did it affect Free Will? Now if Bilbo had not found the Ring then the most likely result is that Sauron would have soon recovered it. Sauron + Ring was too great for any in Middle-earth to deal with. So there soon would have been no choices to exercise Free Will upon.

Now, Bilbo was directed to the Ring but what he did after was up to him. He might have immediately thrown it away, (unlikely, but possible at that point.) He might have later kept it despite Gandalf's work. It might have been used against Sauron creating a new 'Dark Lord' The number of choices increased because of Bilbo finding the Ring.

So far from limiting Free Will, such subtle actions increased it by giving more choices on which to exercise it.
 
Hallo Barley,

I think I've found possible alternative explanations for the divine interventions you are speaking about.

If I remember correctly Sauron's ring was found by hobbit (or Hobbit?) Deagol in the river. Few hundred years after that Bilbo found the One very close to Gollum's underground lake. And Vala Ulmo is known for his interference on behalf of Edain/Eldar during the First age. Moreover it is said in Silmarillion that Ulmo bears the Middleearth and all its inhabitants in his mind and will do so till the end of the Time.

Concerning Gandalf's resurrection after the battle against balrog I think Manwe's intervention could be also very probable explanation. IMHO after his 'death' Gandalf is not thrown outside of Arda or allowed to return to Iluvatar as all Ainur dwelling in Arda are bound to it till the end of the Time. So I guess his spirit only traveled back to Valinor where he was probably consoled (as the death of their physical bodies was surely very painful and frustrating experience even for the Maiar spirits) and with Manwe's blessing sent back to finish his quest.

But on the other hand I do think that from time to time Iluvatar intervenes in the Ea. Have you noticed that unobtrusive flute theme when exhausted Sam and Frodo are climbing uphill on the slope of Orodruin? I hadn't noticed that until I saw the 'Return of the King" for the third time . But of course I'm speaking about the film and not about the book now.


And cheers to all.

I'm glad I've found this forum as I've more topics and questions I would like to discuss with other fellow Tolkien fans.
 

All true enough. But in the end, we must remember that it's a work of fiction, and will never change from the way Tolkien left it to us. So that leaves us free to play the speculation game in all directions forever and ever and ever and ever...

Hail and well met, Arnor! Welcome to our cozy little asylum!

Barley
 
I wasn't playing 'the speculation game' but pointing out how the way Tolkien wrote it opened up the possibilities for Free Will within the story. Also while Tolkien was writing it he, for the most part, did not know exactly what was going to happen until he put the words down on paper. So while it is indeed a work of fiction it still had exactly the same result, it increased the choices for Free Will. In the story it was for the various charaters in the real world for Tolkien.

Greetings Arnor. I hope that you enjoy your stay here
 
From the White Rider, TTT:
....Then darkness took me; and I strayed out of thought and time, and I wandered far on roads that I will not tell.Naked I was sent back – for a brief time, until my task is done
From Letter 156:
 
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