Anyway all this stuff [fn3] is mainly concerned with Fall, Mortality, and the Machine. With Fall inevitably, and that motive occurs in several modes. With Mortality, especially as it affects art and the creative (or as I should say, sub-creative) desire which seems to have no biological function, and to be apart from the satisfactions of plain ordinary biological life, with which, in our world, it is indeed usually at strife. This desire is at once wedded to a passionate love of the real primary world, and hence filled with the sense of mortality, and yet unsatisfied by it. It has various opportunities of ‘Fall’. It may become possessive, clinging to the things made as ‘its own’, the subcreator wishes to be the Lord and
God of his private creation. He will rebel against the laws of the Creator – especially against mortality. Both of these (alone or together) will lead to the desire for Power, for making the will more quickly effective, – and so to the Machine (or Magic). By the last I intend all use of external plans or devices (apparatus) instead of development of the inherent inner powers or talents – or even the use of these talents with the corrupted motive of dominating: bulldozing the real world, or coercing other wills. The Machine is our more obvious modern form though more closely related to Magic than is usually recognised.
I have not used ‘magic’ consistently, and indeed the Elven-queen
Galadriel is obliged to remonstrate with the
Hobbits on their confused use of the word both for the devices and operations of the Enemy, and for those of the
Elves. I have not, because there is not a word for the latter (since all human stories have suffered the same confusion). But the Elves are there (in my
tales) to demonstrate the difference. Their ‘magic’ is Art, delivered from many of its human limitations: more effortless, more quick, more complete (product, and vision in unflawed correspondence). And its object is Art not Power, sub-creation not domination and tyrannous re-forming of Creation. The ‘Elves’ are ‘immortal’, at least as far as this world goes: and hence are concerned rather with the griefs and burdens of deathlessness in time and change, than with death. The Enemy in successive forms is always ‘naturally’ concerned with sheer Domination, and so the Lord of magic and machines; but the problem: that this frightful
evil can and does arise from an apparently good root, the desire to benefit the world and others [fn4] – speedily and according to the benefactor’s own plans – is a recurrent motive.
fn3 It is, I suppose, fundamentally concerned with the problem of the relation of Art (and Subcreation) and Primary Reality.
fn4 Not in the Beginner of Evil: his was a sub-creative Fall, and hence the Elves (the representatives of sub-creation par excellence) were peculiarly his enemies, and the special object of his desire and hate – and open to his deceits. Their Fall is into possessiveness and (to a less degree) into perversion of their art to power.
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But at Eregion great work began – and the Elves came their nearest to falling to ‘magic’ and machinery. With the aid of
Sauron’s lore they made
Rings of Power (‘power’ is an ominous and sinister word in all these tales, except as applied to the gods).