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The Nature of Beorn's Magic

Valandil

High King at Annuminas
Joined
Jun 8, 2004
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599
I'm re-reading The Hobbit. I hope to make 2026 a year to re-read The Hobbit, LOTR, The Silmarillion, and Unfinished Tales. After too many years away, in some cases.

Just finished the chapter on Beorn - "Queer Lodgings" - and it has me thinking about the magic of Beorn, and of the animals he keeps - the horses and the dogs, etc. How does this magic best "fit" into what we know (or surmise, or even guess) of Middle-Earth? Of course, JRRT didn't have in mind to fit Beorn into a greater mythology or established world when he wrote this. But let's try anyway.

Tom Bombadil is another singular character who we meet in Tolkien's Middle-Earth, and he is described as an Enigma. But to me - he can very easily fit as a Maia. Goldberry too, along with her "father". I feel like the Maiar varied widely in their abilities and interests, which explains any differences between them (Tom, Goldberry, etc) and those who are certainly Maiar. But Beorn is more puzzling. He is a Man. A very large one. But he is not a Giant, not an Elf, not a Dwarf, certainly not a Maia - but a Man. Yet he is not like other Men at all. He has some unusual magic about him - the ability to change into a very large Bear. He can also communicate with, and command, other animals. He might have abilities beyond these. What do we make of him?

I wonder now if his magic is a "Magic of Place" - and has to do with his little corner of Mirkwood. Not that he loses it when he ventures outside of his area - he most certainly does not. But is there some magic on that place where he lives, that has given him the "gift" that he has?

As a "skin-changer" - is Beorn's nature a form of Lycanthropy? That would account for the skin-changing part, but what about the rest? And if it is like lycanthropy, is it inherited? If we see it as a blessing, was it originally a Curse, which he has turned into a Blessing? He is not terribly far from Dol Guldor. And the presence of Sauron at Dol Guldor (along with whatever else was there with him) was responsible for the transformation of Greenwood to Mirkwood. Could he and his people been transformed as well. Not by proximity - there are other men in the area (Woodmen), but selectively? Or by having been there at a certain time?

Do you think that Gandalf knows, or knows of, other "skin-changers" in Middle-Earth? Would they all be Men becoming Bears - or some other animal? Do you think Gandalf was right that Beorn, or his ancestors, came down (were driven down) from the Misty Mountains? If so - when are logical times in ME history for this to have happened?
 
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Beorn does appear to behave like a lycanthrope but he took part in the Battle of the Five Armies, if I'm not mistaken was during daytime. So it seems he doesn't need the full moon, or the light of Ursa Major for that matter, to change shape.
I get the impression his role in the story is to provide contrast between his 'Queer Lodgings' and the Lonely Mountain. Like the real gold is in the natural things compared to the mountain of coins and jewels.
Peter Jackson gave Bilbo an acorn from Beorn's garden to carry, likewise to provide contrast with the Arkenstone.

I wonder if JRR Tolkien read B.Travens' book, 'The Treasure of the Sierra Madre', that has similar themes of gold madness, greed and corruption.
 
We talked briefly about a Bogart movie - comments apparently removed as unrelated to the thread.

Does anyone want to talk about Beorn?
 
Tolkien taught Beowulf, thought deeply about his character, and -- I'm speculating here -- introduced Beorn as one possible "domesticated" type.

It was a while before it was recognized that "Beowulf" meant "Bee-wolf": "ravager of bees", i.e., "Bear" . And though he doesn't change into one in the story, he does display some bear-like characteristics: ferocity when roused, and enough more-than-human strength to be able to tear off the arm of a monster.

T.A. Shippey points out another character Tolkien would be familiar with, from Hrolf Kraki's Saga: Böðvarr Bjarki, who's last name means "little bear", who's father is Bjarni ("Bear"), his mother being Bera ("she-bear"). The guy is clearly intended as a "bear" of some kind, though also a man.

All this went into the pot, and came out in Beorn -- which also originally meant "bear" in Old English. As I said, he's somewhat "domesticated" -- raising bees, rather than just despoiling them, for instance -- but retains the bear's ferocity, when roused, hence Gandalf's warning to the Dwarves about the ponies. Bjarki fights in the last battle in bear form, but loses; Beorn does the same, though it's not clear what happens to him. I assume he survived, if the "Beornings" are descendants.

About your other ideas, I can't really speculate. As you said, The Hobbit wasn't meant to be part of the legendarium, and as a fairy tale is often about a marvelous journey, unexplained "marvels" are to be expected along the way.

I will say "magic" gets thrown around loosely a lot in Tolkien circles, and I always think of Galadriel's quizzical exchange with Sam on the subject. I recall someone here saying the Elves wouldn't need to wash dishes, because they could just "magic them clean". I doubt that's what Tolkien had in mind.😄
 
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I will say "magic" gets thrown around loosely a lot in Tolkien circles, and I always think of Galadriel's quizzical exchange with Sam on the subject. I recall someone here saying the Elves wouldn't need to wash dishes, because they could just "magic them clean". I doubt that's what Tolkien had in mind.😄


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About your other ideas, I can't really speculate. As you said, The Hobbit wasn't meant to be part of the legendarium, and as a fairy tale is often about a marvelous journey, unexplained "marvels" are to be expected along the way.
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I will say "magic" gets thrown around loosely a lot in Tolkien circles, and I always think of Galadriel's quizzical exchange with Sam on the subject. I recall someone here saying the Elves wouldn't need to wash dishes, because they could just "magic them clean". I doubt that's what Tolkien had in mind.😄
Yes - not meant to be a part of a legendarium. But isn't it fun to try and make it fit there?

Yes - "Magic" can mean something other than we think it means. That was the point of the thread. How do we explain Beorn, and what he does?

Since posting this, a friend told me of a theory he read, that Beorn learned shape-shifting from Radagast. I'm just starting my re-read of LOTR now, and will add to this post when I get to the pertinent reference. If someone else wants to make a run at it, you're welcome to.
 

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