From The Fellowship of the Ring, The Council of Elrond
..."As a small token only of your friendship
Sauron asks this", he said: "that you should find this thief," such was his word, "and get from him, willing or no, a little ring, the least of rings, that once he stole. It is but a trifle that Sauron fancies, and an earnest of your good will. Find it, and
three rings that the Dwarf sires possessed of old shall be returned to you, and the realm of Moria shall be yours for ever."...
Here's the quote.
I've given this dissertation before but will do so again.
The Rings of Power were all
Elvish Rings of Power. They were made for different purposes, but all were Elvish in origin and all were originally possessed by the
Elves of Eregion under the leadership first of
Galadriel and
Celeborn and later solely of
Celebrimbor. When Sauron forged
the One Ring, Celebrimbor hid the 16 (9+7) in Eregion, it is thought. The Three, which were unsullied by Sauron's hand were taken out of Eregion with one being entrusted to Galadriel and two going directly to
Gil-galad. It was only upon entering the final Battle at Mount Doom that Gil-galad turned the two Rings he held to
Elrond and
Cirdan. (There are other versions that give
one ring to Cirdan earlier).
Sauron storms Eregion and kills most of the Noldoran Elves there. He captures Celebrimbor and tortures him into revealing the location of the 9 and the 7... but no torture will cause Celebrimbor to give up where he has bestowed the three. Sauron then cruelly kills Celebrimbor and
places his body on a pole and goes to battle with Celebrimbor's body as a standard. He drives West and eventually isolates Elrond in
Imladris and Gil-Galad at
the Grey Havens. But for the coming of the first fleet from
Numenor,
Middle-earth would have been overrun at that time. The
Numenoreans utterly defeated Sauron and his army and they forced Sauron to retreat in ruin to
Mordor. It is largely because of this battle that Sauron's forces are still weak when
Ar-Pharazon lands on Middle-earth and Sauron meekly surrenders.
As stated earlier, only the unsullied Rings that remained had names which were known. Had the
Dwarves named theirs, they would have hardly told anyone (Dwarves tended to be a particularly secretive lot, especially when it pertained to treasures.) The
Kings who received
the Nine may have also named them but being subverted to Wraiths and losing all will of their own, it hardly mattered and was told of in no tale. It should also be noted that the Nine were kept safe in Mordor by Sauron. Once the nine were wraiths, they were enslaved to
the one and their Rings no longer mattered to them... only the One.
(Reference is from Unfinished
Tales and the Letters of J. R. R.
Tolkien.)