from The Silmarillion, Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age
But the
Elves were not so lightly to be caught. As soon as
Sauron set
the One Ring upon his finger they were aware of him; and they knew him, and perceived that he would be master of them, and of all that they wrought.
Then in anger and fear they took off their rings. But he, finding that he was betrayed and that the Elves were not deceived, was filled with wrath; and he came against them with open war, demanding that all the rings should be delivered to him. since the Elven-smiths could not have attained to their making without his lore and counsel. But the Elves fled from him; three of their rings they saved, and bore them away, and hid them.
Now these were the Three that had last been made, and they possessed the greatest powers.
Narya, Nenya, and
Vilya, they were named, the Rings of Fire, and of Water, and of Air, set with ruby and adamant and sapphire; and of all the Elven-rings Sauron most desired to possess them, for those who had them in their keeping could ward off the decays of time and postpone the weariness of the world. But Sauron could not discover them, for they were given into the hands of
the Wise, who concealed them and never again used them openly while Sauron kept the
Ruling Ring. Therefore the Three remained unsullied, for they were forged by
Celebrimbor alone, and the hand of Sauron had never touched them; yet they also were subject to
the One.