The members of
the Third Age White Council are enumerated to a degree in
The Silmarillion, “Of
the Rings of Power and the Third Age,” (pg. 360 in the 1999 DelRay edition):
…the Council of
the Wise that is called the White Council, and therein were
Elrond and
Galadriel and
Círdan, and other lords of the Eldar, and with them were
Mithrandir and
Curunír.
This White Council was formed in 2463 to coordinate resistance to
Sauron following the end of the Watchful Peace. The name of this Council echoes an earlier Council established by
Gil-galad following the War of the
Elves and Sauron in the middle of the
Second Age, where
(
Unfinished Tales, “The History of Galadriel and
Celeborn,” “Concerning Galadriel and Celeborn,” p. 239)
…it was there determined that an
Elvish stronghold in
the east of
Eriador should be maintained at
Imladris rather than in Eregion. At that time also Gil-galad gave
Vilya,
the Blue Ring, to Elrond, and appointed him to be his vice-regent in Eriador; but
the Red Ring he kept, until he gave it to Círdan when he set out from
Lindon in the days of the Last Alliance.
Gil-galad was assisted by the fact that the
Númenóreans began to keep permanent
fortresses in
Middle-earth, creating increasingly armed buffer
regions between Lindon and
Mordor.
The White Council established by Galadriel in the Third Age did indeed fail in the sense that it fell apart on the treachery of
Saruman, and in the end it was not only ineffective in preventing his nefarious plans from developing to action, but its leader, Saruman worked against its primary purposes in order to seize power in Middle-earth for himself.
But in a broader sense, the White Council did not fail. Its members – Imladris, Lindon, and the Dúnedain of
Arnor were represented at the
Council of Elrond, with other allies brought, as it were, “by chance” to the Council. That Council did indeed dispose of the matter of
the Ring, and
Lórien, the member missing at Elrond’s Council, was instrumental in the completion of the task set forth in Imladris.
Ultimately, the Council frustrated Sauron’s plans; Saruman even in his deepest treachery frustrated and delayed Sauron. And its constituent members were in the end able to set into motion the
events that brought about the Downfall of
the Lord of the Rings.