A
march is a borderland or demarcation of territory. From
Etymology.com, march (n[oun],2),
"a frontier, boundary of a country; border district," early 13[th century], from Old French
marche "boundary, frontier," from Frankish
*marka or some other Germanic source (compare Old Saxon
marka, Old English
mearc; Old High German
marchon "to mark out, delimit," German
Mark "boundary"), from Proto-Germanic
*markō; see
mark (n.1)). Now obsolete. …
In early use often in reference to the borderlands beside Wales, sometimes rendering Old English Mercia; later especially of the English border with Scotland. There was a verb marchen in Middle English (c. 1300), "to have a common boundary," from Old French marchier "border upon, lie alongside," which survived in dialect.
This is
the old Germanic word for "border, boundary," but as it came to mean "borderland" in many
languages, other words were shifted or borrowed to indicate the original sense…
Tolkien, by the way, considered himself a
Mercian. If we follow the link to
mark, we find
"trace, impression," Old English
mearc (West Saxon),
merc (Mercian) "boundary, limit; sign, landmark," from Proto-Germanic
*markō (source also of Old Norse
merki "boundary, sign,"
mörk "forest," which often marked a frontier; Old Frisian
merke, Gothic
marka "boundary, frontier," Dutch
merk "mark, brand," German
Mark "boundary, boundary land"), from PIE root
*merg- "boundary, border." Influenced by, and partly from, Scandinavian cognates. …
Continue to
*merg- to find
Proto-Indo-European root meaning "boundary, border." …
To which we might add Tolkien’s
Rohan, to which the Eorlingas (
Rohirrim) referred to as “the
Mark,” that is, the northern march or demarcation of
Gondor, formerly their province of Calenardhon.
So the
marches of
Doriath were their borderlands, which they monitored and patrolled.
Melian set a magical barrier around the inner part of Doriath, the
Girdle of Melian, but King
Thingol claimed territory beyond the Girdle of Melian, and these would probably be considered the
marches of that land. m4r35n357 is correct in that there was one border, but the marches would typically be called the “north march,” the “east march,” and so forth to designate which region was under discussion.
Carcharoth the Wolf of
Angband burst through the Girdle of Melian along the north marches following the course of the Esgalduin. I believe
Beren also entered Doriath from the north. I don’t think the boundary was unwatched there, or the Girdle of Melian was weak, but rather that Doom drove Beren and later Carcharoth into Doriath, and both came from the north, the wolf from Angband, Beren from the
ruins of Dorthonion.
The
Sindar did fight
battles: the first great battle of
Beleriand was fought between the
Orcs and the Sindar before the
Noldor under
Fëanor in the purloined
ships of the Teleri first arrived in
Middle-earth;
we recently discussed this in another thread, as you know,
Ecthelion.
The Battle of Lammoth was fought outside the range of Thingol’s power when
Fingolfin and his host were attacked by Orcs attempting to outflank the Fëanorians from behind but came upon the greater host of the Noldor instead. The Battle of Tumhalad was also some distance from Doriath, fought on the plain of that name between the Narog and Ginglith north of
Nargothrond; besides that, Thingol had thrown his own Noldorin kinsmen, the sons of
Finarfin (
Finrod and his brothers) and of Finarfin’s wife Eärwen, daughter of Thingol’s brother Olwë, out of Doriath at one time;
Galadriel he permitted to remain in
Menegroth, where she learned much of Melian. But there was tension between Thingol and the Noldor: the
Sons of Fëanor were forbidden to enter Doriath because of their guilt in the First Kinslaying of the Teleri at Alqualondë in Eldamar; the sons of Finarfin seem later to have been permitted to return, for they were his kin; with the sons of Fingolfin, he also maintained friendship; but he banned the use of
Quenya throughout his
realm, and the Sindar spoke only their own tongue.
There was a battle fought in the borders (marches) of Doriath after
Lúthien went wandering to find Beren. In some accounts,
Morgoth sent a force under his captain Boldog to attempt to find and seize Lúthien, but it was discovered and destroyed by Thingol and his army, which was equipped with Dwarvish
weapons from Nogrod (and possibly Belegost, too), as Thingol was preparing an attack on Nargothrond where he believed the Fëanorian brothers
Celegorm and
Curufin were holding Lúthien against her will. Other battles or skirmishes that took place in the Marches of Doriath I do not recall, except the Hunt for the Wolf Carcharoth by Thingol, Beren, Mablung, Beleg, and
Huan the Hound of
Valinor, in which Huan killed Carcharoth but also died, and Beren was mortally wounded.